Unix commands

List of Unix commands as specified by IEEE Std 1003.1-2008, which is part of the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems.
— Wikipedia

Name

Text processing

• asa: Interpret carriage-control characters
• awk: Pattern scanning and processing language
• comm: Select or reject lines common to two files
• csplit: Split files based on context
• cut: Cut out selected fields of each line of a file
• diff: Compare two files; see also cmp
• ed: The standard text editor
• ex: Text editor
• expand: Convert tabs to spaces
• fold: Filter for folding lines
• head: Copy the first part of files
• iconv: Codeset conversion
• join: Merges two sorted text files based on the presence of a common field
• lp: Send files to a printer
• more: Display files on a page-by-page basis
• nl: Line numbering filter
• paste: Merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files
• patch: Apply changes to files
• pr: Print files
• sed: Stream editor
• sort: Sort, merge, or sequence check text files
• tail: Copy the last part of a file
• tr: Translate characters
• tsort: Topological sort
• unexpand: Convert spaces to tabs
• uniq: Report or filter out repeated lines in a file
• vi: Screen-oriented (visual) display editor
• wc: Line, word and byte or character count
• zcat: Expand and concatenate data

System administration

• who: Display who is on the system

Shell programming

• command: Execute a simple command
• echo: Write arguments to standard output
• expr: Evaluate arguments as an expression
• false: Return false value
• getopts: Parse utility options
• logger: Log messages
• printf: Write formatted output
• read: Read a line from standard input
• sh: Shell, the standard command language interpreter AT&T UNIX (in earlier versions, sh was either the Thompson shell or the PWB shell)
• sleep: Suspend execution for an interval
• tee: Duplicate the standard output
• test: Evaluate expression
• true: Return true value
• xargs: Construct argument lists and invoke utility

SCCS (Source Code Control System)

• admin: Create and administer SCCS files
• delta: Make a delta (change) to an SCCS file
• get: Get a version of an SCCS file
• prs: Print an SCCS file
• rmdel: Remove a delta from an SCCS file
• sact: Print current SCCS file-editing activity
• sccs: Front end for the SCCS subsystem
• unget: Undo a previous get of an SCCS file
• val: Validate SCCS files
• what: Identify SCCS files

Programming

• make
• fort77
• cc/c99: Compile standard C programs
• cflow: Generate a C-language call graph
• ctags: Create a tags file
• cxref: Generate a C-language program cross-reference table
• lex: Generate programs for lexical tasks
• nm: Optional (SD, XSI)
• strings: Find printable strings in files
• strip: Remove unnecessary information from executable files
• yacc: Yet another compiler compiler

Process management

• at: Execute commands at a later time
• batch: Schedule commands to be executed in a batch queue
• bg: Run jobs in the background
• fg: Run jobs in the foreground
• fuser: List process IDs of all processes that have one or more files open
• jobs: Display status of jobs in the current session
• kill: Terminate or signal processes
• nice: Invoke a utility with an altered nice value
• nohup: Invoke a utility immune to hangups
• ps: Report process status
• renice: Set nice values of running processes
• time: Time a simple command
• uux: Remote command execution
• wait: Await process completion

Network

• uucp: System-to-system copy
• uudecode: Decode a binary file
• uuencode: Encode a binary file
• uustat: uucp status inquiry and job control

Misc

• alias: Define or display aliases
• ar: Create and maintain library archives
• bc: Arbitrary-precision arithmetic language
• cal: Print a calendar
• crontab: Schedule periodic background work
• date: Display the date and time
• env: Set the environment for command invocation
• fc: Process the command history list
• gencat: Generate a formatted message catalog
• getconf: Get configuration values
• grep: Search text for a pattern
• hash: Hash database access method
• id: Return user identity
• ipcrm: Remove a message queue, semaphore set, or shared memory segment identifier
• ipcs: Report interprocess communication facilities status
• locale: Get locale-specific information
• localedef: Define locale environment
• logname: Return the user’s login name
• m4: Macro processor
• mailx: Process messages
• man: Display system documentation
• mesg: Permit or deny messages
• newgrp: Change to a new group
• od: Dump files in various formats
• pax: Portable archive interchange
• readlink -
• split: Split files into pieces
• stty: Set the options for a terminal
• tabs: Set terminal tabs
• talk: Talk to another user
• tput: Change terminal characteristics
• tty: Return user’s terminal name
• type: Displays how a name would be interpreted if used as a command
• ulimit: Set or report file size limit
• umask: Get or set the file mode creation mask
• unalias: Remove alias definitions
• uname: Return system name
• uncompress: Expand compressed data
• write: Write to another user’s terminal

Filesystem

• basename: Return non-directory portion of a pathname; see also dirname

• cat: Concatenate and print files

• cd: Change the working directory

• chgrp: Change the file group ownership

• chmod: Change the file modes/attributes/permissions

• chown: Change the file ownership

• cksum: Write file checksums and sizes

• cmp: Compare two files; see also diff

• compress: Compress data

• cp: Copy files

• dd: Convert and copy a file

• df: Report free disk space

• dirname: Return the directory portion of a pathname; see also basename

• du: Estimate file space usage

• file: Determine file type

• find: Find files

• link: Create a hard link to a file

• ln: Link files

• ls: List directory contents

• mkdir: Make directories

• mkfifo: Make FIFO special files

• mv: Move or rename files

• pathchk: Check pathnames

• pwd: Print working directory

• rm: Remove directory entries

• rmdir: Remove directories, if they are empty.

• touch: Change file access and modification times

• unlink: Call the unlink function

• fdisk: Partition table manipulator for Linux

• timedatectl: Control the system time and date, can be used to enable NTP (timedatectl set-ntp true)

Batch utilities

• qalter: Alter batch job
• qdel: Delete batch jobs
• qhold: Hold batch jobs
• qmove: Move batch jobs
• qmsg: Send message to batch jobs
• qrerun: Rerun batch jobs
• qrls: Release batch jobs
• qselect: Select batch jobs
• qsig: Signal batch jobs
• qstat: Show status of batch jobs
• qsub: Submit a script

Man Pages

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